International Journal of Humanities and Social Science

      ISSN 2220-8488 (Print), 2221-0989 (Online) 10.30845/ijhss

      Call for Papers

      International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IJHSS) is a monthly peer reviewed journal

      Read more...

      Recruitment of Reviewers

      Reviewer's name and affiliation will be listed in the printed journal and on the journal's webpage.

      Read more...

      Pre-Colonial Traditional Organization of The People of Vihiga and Their Early Response to Friends’ African Mission’s Educational Initiatives in Kenya
      Beatrice A. Namatsi

      Abstract
      This paper describes the pre-colonial traditional organization of the people around Kaimosi, in Vihiga District Kenya, in terms of religion, and socio-economic organization. The paper also deals with the nature of early education in the area, the relationship that existed among Friends African Mission schools and lastly, the educational developments at Kaimosi Girls and Chavakali High Schools. Being a historical study, the historical method of inquiry into the past was adopted. Primary sources of data consulted included oral testimonies of actual participants or witnesses of events in Vihiga District. Other primary sources used were archival documents either personal or institutional such as correspondences, photographs, mission publications, minutes of meetings and colonial government annual reports. The main secondary sources utilized were published and unpublished articles and books. Prior to the coming of Europeans, the local community had a religious structure. One of the key elements of kinship structure among the Abaluyia was the family. Traditional education was largely informal since in most cases, there were no definite institutions such as schools. Information was mainly disseminated orally from acknowledged traditional authorities to the target audience. Learning was not systematized by adherence to a specific curriculum. Individuals simply learned by experience in the course of their interaction with members of the community and the physical environment. Every adult played the role of a teacher. Content grew out of the actual physical and social situation of the learner which made it relevant and meaningful. Thus education was a community responsibility. One of the chief responsibilities of adults was to provide the learning situation and the guidance necessary while children, on the other hand, were there to acquire the essential knowledge, responsibility, skills, attitudes and values from the learning environment be it physical, social or spiritual. There was a lot that children learned by listening to myths, legends, folk tales proverbs, riddles, folk songs, rhymes and other aspects of oral literature. Besides promoting mental development, oral literature was entertaining and it was a form of pass time. Then there were social ceremonies which gave children opportunities to learn about the social organization of the clan, the general mode of living, some aspects of tribal culture, customs and the laws that governed the way of life including taboos, religious beliefs and superstitions.

      Full Text: PDF

      主站蜘蛛池模板: 先锋影音av资源网| 国产精品久久久久电影| 中文字幕天天躁日日躁狠狠躁免费| 欧美三级一级片| 亚洲精品欧洲精品| 看亚洲a级一级毛片| 和阿同居的日子hd中字| 蜜桃麻豆WWW久久囤产精品| 国产成人精品无码一区二区老年人| 51国产偷自视频区视频| 在线观看视频中文字幕| а√最新版在线天堂| 成人在线观看免费| 久久一本色系列综合色| 日韩国产欧美在线观看| 亚洲av之男人的天堂网站| 欧美换爱交换乱理伦片免费 | 欧美日韩免费看| 亚洲精品一级片| 狠狠97人人婷婷五月| 免费国产a理论片| 精品一区二区三区电影| 出差被绝伦上司侵犯中文字幕| 老师好长好大坐不下去| 国产久热精品无码激情| 香蕉久久精品国产| 国产成人一级片| 久久五月天婷婷| 国产激情无码一区二区三区 | 国产青年摘花xxx| 人人狠狠综合久久亚洲婷婷| 黑巨茎大战俄罗斯美女| 国产欧美精品一区二区三区四区 | 亚洲欧洲精品成人久久曰影片| 波多野结衣一区| 亚洲综合精品伊人久久| 激情爆乳一区二区三区| 亚洲视频在线看| 炕上摸着老妇雪白肥臀| 人妻人人澡人人添人人爽人人玩| 玩物无删减版180分钟|