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Pass Cognitive Processing: Comparison between Normal Children with Reading Difficulties
Ooi Boon Keat,Khaidzir bin Hj. Ismail

Abstract
This study compared the PASS cognitive functions that represent human intelligence were based on the Luria’s three functional units of brain which are Planning, Attention, Simultaneous and Successive (PASS). Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) was used to measure the PASS cognitive functions. CAS was administered individually to 50 normal readers and 50 children with RD of primary Standard 3 English as the second language (ESL) learners in Selangor, Malaysia. This study was a descriptive design that aimed to obtain profiles of the CAS and to determine the specific weakness of cognitive processing among the subjects. There were distinct PASS cognitive profiles among the normal children and children with RD. There was significant differences for both PASS cognitive processing and reading processes between the normal readers and children with RD. Overall, the poor readers were significantly low for Simultaneous processing identified as cognitive weakness. While the normal readers didn’t show any significant weakness or strength in their overall cognitive processing of PASS. The findings were also suggested the consideration of cognitive functioning to enhance reading among Malaysian children.

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