LA PLACE DE MEHMET AK?F DANS LES MOUVEMENTS DE PENSEES POLITIQUES DE L’EPOQUE DU II^e CONSTITUTIONNALISME?
(Place of Mehmet Akif within the Political Movements of Thought during the Period of Me?rutiyet II)
Nihat KARAER

Abstract
Various political views are put forth in order to protect the Ottoman State from the fall especially in the 2nd half of the 19th century and in the early 20th century. Struggling with one another occasionally, these movements should be assessed according to the then conditions, not today’s. Considered sociologically, these movements focus on Ottomanization, Westernization, Islamization and Turkism. Mehmet Akif is one of the most eminent representatives of Islamism, one of the related movements. When many works by Mehmet Akif and those about him are considered, one can easily see that he believes protection of Islam against any attack is a natural right and duty for each Muslim and that he touches on troubles of the nation and the Muslims. Akif displays his literary and intellectual personality during the years of 1908 to 1922, which are the years of disasters for Turks as well as the world of Islam. Considering the facts during the World War I, it is seen that hopes for Islamism become weak. Even the call of jihad by the Caliph is unable to create the required effect on the world of Islam. In the end, the great empire becomes lost.

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